A:AnswerThey should last roughly the life of your computer. All these are are miniature radio antennas that can get 5 Ghz Wifi signals.
No problems with it so far.
A:AnswerIf the Linux driver for the ASUS wireless network adapter was properly compiled within CentOS 7, it will be recognized and will work. ASUS doesn't provide Linux driver.
A:AnswerYes. I do not see why it would not.
It works with Windows OS. Any issues with usability will probably stem from operating system or one's network set-up, not the CPU brand.
A:AnswerNo. A "wireless network USB stick" will not connect to a "Bluetooth device."
If your computer has a Bluetooth connection (different than WiFi), then you may connect a Bluetooth Controller.