A:AnswerYes they will work when they are partially charged. I haven't clocked the charging time because I'm always gaming. The life lasts a long time before swapping. Depending on your game time you can go a few weeks on one charge. And if you never sleep I'd say around a week. But only takes a few hours or so for the battery to charge.
A:AnswerOver a month. Probably many months but I would charge them from time to time just to make sure the battery doesn't degrade. I cycle them out since I have 2. One charging and one in the controller. Once the one in the charger is full I take it out and wait for the one in the controller to die which is a few weeks. Then I put the one I charged before in the controller and charge the dead one until it is full then take it out and wait for the controller to die again.